Neuromorphic Edge Architecture

NEUROMORPHIC EDGE ARCHITECTURE

An Architecture for Real-Time Event AI Execution on Hardware

To process the spatiotemporal information generated by DVS Event Vision and SNN inside an autonomous mobile system, sensor input, event buffering, the SNN inference engine, memory, control processor, and external interfaces must operate as one integrated edge system.

Robowink’s Neuromorphic Edge Architecture research focuses not on re-explaining the algorithm itself, but on mapping trained SNN models to real hardware and jointly optimizing latency, memory, power, and interfaces.

Research Scope
Neuromorphic Edge Architecture is the computing layer that deploys SNN models onto RISC-V/MCU, dedicated accelerators, and memory structures for execution at the edge.
EDGE AI SoC / MODULE EVENT-DRIVEN COMPUTING
Event I/O DVS input · timestamp · packet parser
SNN Accelerator spike routing · neuron update · threshold/fire
RISC-V / MCU system control · register · task scheduling
On-chip Memory weights · neuron state · event buffer
System Interface SPI / UART / Ethernet / CAN-class interface · GPIO · control output
DVS / Sensor
→
Neuromorphic Edge
→
Robot / System
Sensor → Compute → System Integration
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

From Event Input to System Interface

From a hardware perspective, event-packet reception and buffering, SNN inference, system control, and external-device integration are separated into functional blocks while the architecture is designed to minimize data movement.

01 · INPUT

Event I/O

Parses the format of asynchronous events from DVS and external sensors and converts timestamps and address information into the internal data structure.

02 · BUFFER

Event Buffer / DMA

Buffers bursty event input and provides the data-movement path to memory and the inference engine.

03 · COMPUTE

SNN Accelerator

Executes weight access, neuron-state updates, threshold comparison, and spike generation in dedicated hardware.

04 · CONTROL

RISC-V / MCU

Handles register configuration, execution scheduling, error handling, mode control, and external-system commands.

05 · INTERFACE

System I/O

Provides communication, status, and control interfaces for the robot controller and peripheral devices.

SNN ACCELERATOR

A Dedicated Execution Engine Optimized for Spike Computation

The research focuses on hardware that efficiently executes the recurring operations of SNN inference, including spike routing, weight access, membrane-potential accumulation, and firing, rather than on the learning algorithm itself.

SNN Accelerator Core Spike Router event address / queue Weight Memory synapse / parameter local weight access Accumulator weighted spike sum Neuron State membrane potential state buffer Threshold / Fire compare spike output
BLOCK 01

Spike Router

Routes active events to the required neuron and synapse regions and manages processing order.

BLOCK 02

Weight Memory

Studies local placement of trained weights to reduce external-memory access and data movement.

BLOCK 03

Neuron State

Stores neuron membrane potentials and internal states and updates them for each spike input.

BLOCK 04

Threshold / Fire

Compares the accumulated state with the threshold and generates output spikes and reset operations.

SPARSE EVENT-DRIVEN COMPUTE

Compute Only What Is Needed When Events Are Active

The key to SNN edge hardware is not to run every compute block at maximum load continuously, but to regulate computation, memory access, and scheduling around active spikes and neurons.

01

Active Spike Queue


Queues only the spikes that actually occur and manages their priority and processing order.

02

Selective Memory Access

Selectively accesses only the memory regions required for active synapses and neuron states.

03

Local State Update


Keeps neuron states and intermediate results as close as possible to the compute blocks to reduce data movement.

04

Power-aware Scheduling

Explores architectures that reduce block activity during idle periods and dynamically allocate execution resources according to event density.

MEMORY ARCHITECTURE

Place Weights and Neuron States Close to Compute

SNN hardware performance depends not only on compute units but also on where weights and neuron states are placed and how often they are moved. We take a staged approach that separates current implementations from next-generation non-volatile-memory research.

NEAR-TERM IMPLEMENTATION

SRAM / On-chip Buffer

For MPW and early SoC implementations, we examine architectures that place weights and neuron states primarily in on-chip SRAM and event buffers, which are easier to control and validate.

  • Weight / neuron-state local storage
  • Event FIFO / double buffering
  • DMA and memory-bandwidth optimization
  • Minimization of external-memory access
FUTURE NEUROMORPHIC TRACK

MRAM / ReRAM & CiM

In the mid- to long-term research track, we extend the architecture toward neuromorphic systems that use non-volatile memory and Compute-in-Memory to further reduce data movement for weight storage and accumulation operations.

  • Non-volatile weight storage
  • Crossbar / CiM mapping research
  • Neuron / synapse interface optimization
  • Validation of power / area / accuracy trade-offs
HW / SW CO-DESIGN

An Execution Environment Co-Designed for Model and Hardware

Deploying an SNN model to hardware requires the network structure, numerical precision, memory placement, registers, and drivers to be designed as one execution environment.

01 · MODEL MAPPING

Graph / Layer Mapping

Maps SNN layers and neuron groups to accelerator resources and memory regions.

02 · PRECISION

Quantization

Adjusts the bit width of weights and state values to balance accuracy, memory use, and computational cost.

03 · CONTROL

Register / Driver

Defines the control interface that allows the RISC-V/MCU to configure and run the accelerator and read its status.

04 · SDK

Profiling & Runtime

Provides a Runtime and SDK for model loading, execution-time measurement, and analysis of event and memory usage.

IMPLEMENTATION ROADMAP

From General-Purpose Edge Platforms to Dedicated Neuromorphic SoCs

This staged research roadmap begins with an initial algorithm-validation environment, proceeds through FPGA/MPW-based hardware validation, and ultimately advances toward a dedicated architecture optimized for event-driven SNN computation.

PHASE 01 · VALIDATION

General Edge Platform

First validates the functionality and data flow of DVS input and SNN algorithms on a general-purpose edge-computing platform.

PHASE 02 · HARDWARE MAPPING

FPGA / MPW SoC

Validates Event I/O, the SNN Accelerator, RISC-V/MCU, and memory architecture at the RTL/FPGA and MPW stages.

PHASE 03 · NEUROMORPHIC

CiM-based Architecture

Extends toward a low-power neuromorphic SoC architecture combining SNN computation with non-volatile memory such as MRAM/ReRAM.

ARCHITECTURE EVALUATION

Key Evaluation Metrics from the Hardware Perspective

Evaluation focuses on data-processing efficiency and hardware-resource utilization on the actual execution platform.

Latency
Processing Latency
End-to-end execution time for an input event through the inference engine
Throughput
Event Throughput
Sustainable processing rate as event density increases
Power / Energy
Compute Efficiency
Power consumption and energy efficiency of accelerator, memory, and control blocks
Memory / Util.
Resource Utilization
Utilization efficiency of on-chip memory, bandwidth, logic, and accelerator resources
RESEARCH CONNECTION

Sensor → Intelligence → Hardware → System

The four Research pages describe different layers of a single technology stack rather than repeating the same content.

R1 · SENSOR

DVS Event Vision

Studies acquisition, calibration, representation, and spatiotemporal preprocessing of brightness-change events.

R2 · INTELLIGENCE

SNN Risk Intelligence

Studies AI models that convert events into spikes and learn and infer temporal patterns.

R3 · HARDWARE

Neuromorphic Edge

Maps SNN models to dedicated accelerators, RISC-V/MCU, and memory architectures.

R4 · SYSTEM

Sensor Fusion & Control

Aligns multiple sensors with mobility-state information and connects them to real system interfaces.

Neuromorphic Edge Architecture

Research & Technical Cooperation


We welcome technical collaboration for SNN Accelerators, RISC-V/MCU SoCs, memory architectures, HW/SW co-design, and MPW implementation.